Apparatus eok



, CHAMBERLAIN.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING UABBONIG ACID GAS, 62:0. 1 Io 27,775.v

Patented Apr. 10, 1860.

UNITED STATES PATENT onmon.

SAMUEL CHAMBERLAINE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING GASES.

Specification of Letters Patent N 0. 27,77 5, dated April 10, 1860.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL CHAMBER- LAINE, M. D., of the city ofPhiladelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and ImprovedApparatus for the Generation of Carbonic-Acid Gas and the Application ofthe Same in the Manufacture of Mineral lVaters; and I do hereby declarethat the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawing,

forming part of this specification, in which Figure 1, represents avertical section of the apparatus complete. Fig. 2, represents avertical section of part of the apparatus taken at right angles to Fig.1.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the severalfigures.

My invention consists in an apparatus for obtaining carbonic acid gas inany required quantity at such uniformly regulated pressure as may bedesired, by the mixture of suitable chemical matters, and for employingthe pressure of such gas to pump water into a receiver or cooler inwhich it is charged with the gas and from which it may be supplied to afountain for use, or drawn off into bottles.

A is a close vessel of cylindrical or other suitable form, which Iprefer to be made of copper lined with lead, and which should be made ofsufficient strength to be capable of sustaining a pressure of twohundred pounds per square inch; and B is a close leaden vessel arrangedwithin the vessel A, and united therewith at the top, but having nocommunication therewith except through a siphon C, which dips nearly tothe bottom B, but need not descend very far into A. The vessel A isintended to contain bicarbonate of soda, and the vessel B sulfuric acid,or the said. vessels may be made to c011- tain other substances by whoseadmixture, carbonic acid gas may be obtained. Each of said vessels isfurnished with a charge pipe a fitted with a screwed cap Z). The vesselA is furinshed at the top with an outlet pipe D, which is fitted nearthe vessel with a three way cock E, and higher up with a stop cock 0.The vessel B is furnished with an out-let pipe F which is fitted with athree way cock Gr. These cocks are furnished with toothed wheels cl ande or segments to gear with toothed racks f, and g, formed on oppositesides of the rod H,'of a piston H, which is fitted into an uprightcylinder I, whose bottom opens into the vessel A; said piston having. aweighted lever J applied to counteract the pressure upon the under sideof the piston, of the gas generated in the vessel A, and the said wheelsor segments having each only a quarter circle of gearing on them, andthe racks being of such length, that each cock will only receive aquarter revolution from its respective rack. The

lever J to which the weights are applied to hold down the piston shouldhave three weights applied, viz., a larger one hung on the lever itself,and two smaller ones attached by a cord or chain so that each will comeinto action only after the lever has risen a certain distance. The twothree way cocks E, and G, are connected by a pipe h. The pipe F opens'into the atmosphere, and the pipe D, leads to the pumping apparatus aswill be presently described.

M, is a cylinder constituting both the cylinder of the pump, and of anengine operated by the pressure of the gas to drive the pump, saidcylinder being closed at its ends, and having a transverse partition 71,at the middle of its length which should be fitted with a stuffing boxfor the rod j, which connects the two pistons K, K.

L, is an eight way cook, or more properly speaking, a double four-waycock, containing two distinct series of ways, each arranged as shown inthe section of one series shown in Fig. 2, like the ways of the cockknown to engineers as the four-way cock, .which was used for theeduction and induction of steam to and from some of the earlier steamengines, the series of ways next the cylinder being for water, and theother series for gas.

Two of the ways of the latter series connect by pipes 72 and is, withthe cylinder close to the ends thereof, the third has connected with itthe pipe D, which in its relation to the cylinder M, corresponds withthe induction pipe of a steam engine, and the fourth has connected withit the pipe N, which corresponds with the exhaust pipe of a steam engineand which enters and opens into the upper part of the close receiver orcooler O, which should be capable of sustaining nearly the same internalpressure as the vessel A. Of the other series of ways, two connect bypipes or passages Z, Z, with the cylinder M, close to and on oppositesides of the partition '5, the third has connected with it the suctionpipe Q, the end of which is intended to dip into an open vesselcontaining water and the fourth having connected with it a pipe R, whichenters the receiver or cooler 0, in the upper part of which it shouldterminate in the form of a perforated rose to dischar e the waterthereinto in a shower among tie gas which exhausts thereinto from theupper and lower parts of the cylinder M. The receiver or cooler O, isintended to be surrounded by ice. S, is the pipe leading to the fountainwhere the soda water is drawn, said pipe opening into the receiver orcooler near the bottom thereof, and being furnished with a draw cock m,which is so connected with the double four way cock L, by a rod a, andlevers 0, p that by the opening of the said stop cook the double fourway cock may be moved to admit the gas to the upper or lower part of thecylinder M. The two series of passages in the plug of the cock L, are soarranged relatively to each other, that when the upper gas pipe is, isopen to the induction pipe D, and the lower one is, open to the eductionpipe N, the upper water passage Z, is open to the eduction pipe R, andthe lower one Z, is open to the suction pipe Q, and vice versa, by whicharrangement the turning of the said cock to effect the induction andeduction of gas into and from the spaces above the piston K, and belowthe piston K, alternately causes the water to be alternately drawn intoone and the other of the spaces between the pistons, and the partition71 of the cylinder and forced therefore into the receiver or cooler 0,where it meets the gas exhausted or forced from the cylinder M, throughthe pipe T. I will here mention that the drawing rep resents thecylinder M much larger in proportion to the receiver or cooler 0, thanit would be in practice.

The apparatus is set in motion in the following manner, a weighedquantity of bicarbonate of soda is put into the vessel A, and into B,one third of the same quantity, fluid ounce for ounce, of sulfuric acid,or other materials in suitable proportions, and water enough to coverthe soda is then poured into the vessel A. The vessels being thuscharged, the three way cock Gr is turned as shown in Fig. 1, to closethe pipe G, to the vessel B, the three way cock E is turned as shown inthe same Fig. 1, to open the communication from the vessel A, throughthe pipe D, and the stop cock 0, and draw cock m, are closed. A smallpipe attached to the vessel A, but not shown in the drawing, fitted witha stop cock, is then opened and the operator applying his mouth to thispipe blows into the vessel A, to produce a compression of the air insaid vessel, and some air will pass from A, through the siphon 0,

and the acid in B, thus producing a compression of the air above thesurface of the acid in B. The cock in the above mentioned pipe is thenclosed, and the cock 0, opened when the condensed air will escape fromA, through the pipe D, to the upper or lower part of the cylinder M,according to the position of the cock L; and the reduction of pressurethus affected in A, will permit the air in B, to expand and force overacid from the latter vessel through the siphon G into and among thecharge in A, when the generation of gas will commence. The cock 0, isthen to be closed until the acid which flows over into A, is neutralizedand an equilibrium between A and B, is restored, which may be known bythe gas having ceased to bubble up through the acid in B. The cock 0, isagain opened to produce a similar operation and then closed again, andthis alternate opening and closing of the said cock is repeated untilthe pressure in the vessels A and B is suflicient to just overcome thepressure of the larger weight on the piston I, and raise the saidpiston, which pressure is prevented being materially exceeded, in thefollowing manner.

It may be observed on reference to Fig. 1, that the racks f, g, are soarranged one above the other that f, will turn the cock E, a quarterrevolution before 9, comes into action on the wheel or segment 6. Nowwhen a suflicient pressure of gas has been generated to overcome theeffect of the larger weight on the piston I, the rise of the pistoncauses its rack f, by its action on the wheel or segment (Z, to turn thecock E, a quarter of the way round, and thus close the part of the pipeD, above the said cock, and open the part below it to the pipe h; andthe gas now finds a vent from A, through the siphon C, and through theacid into B, from whence it passes into through the pipe F, cock G, pipeh, and cock E, into the upper part of the pipe D, and to the cylinder M,as before, but the further generation of gas almost immediately ceases,owing to the failure of any acid to pass over into the charge in A; butin case of too much acid having already flowed over, and a furtherincrease of pressure taking place, the effect of the second weightattached to the lever J, is overcome by the piston I, and the latterrises higher, and brings the rack g, into action on the segment 6, toturn the cock G far enough to open the pipe F, for the escape of gas tothe atmosphere. The latter cock it will therefore be seen, constitutes asafety valve, and the cock E a saving valve to prevent as far aspossible the generation of more gas than is necessary for use. The thirdweight applied to the lever J, merely serves to prevent the piston beingraised further than is necessary to open the safety cock G.

When the requisite pressure of gas has been obtained as above described,the cock L, (which for the present may be supposed to be disconnectedfrom m,) is turned to admit the gas first at one end and then at theother of the cylinder, M, and the pistons K, K, are thus set inoperation to pump water and admit gas into the receiver or cooler 0,until the desired pressure is obtained therein, opening and closing thestop cock C, as before described, in the meantime, as often as may benecessary to produce the necessary supply of gas. When the receiver andcooler O is thus supplied with water charged with gas, the connection ismade between the four way cock L, and draw cock m, in such a manner thatwhen the draw cock is closed, the four way cock is made to close all itspassages, and prevent induction or eduction of gas or water to or fromthe cylinder M, but that when the draw cock is opened, the four way cockL is also open to admit gas to one end or other of the cylinder. Topermit the draw cock to be open, with either of the open positions ofthe four way cock, the former must have two passages as shown in Fig. 2.The stop cock C, is now always left open and the apparatus remainsinoperative and no more gas is generated till the draw cock m, is openedto draw off the gas charged water at the fountain; when such opening ofsaid cock produces the same effect in the generating apparatus as theopening of the stop cock C, as before described eifecting a reduction ofpressure in A, as compared with B, and causing more acid to flow over.The closing of the draw cock m, again at once stops the generation. Thefour way cock being opened along with the draw cock causes the pumpingapparatus to be set in operation, and the supply of water and gas to thereceiver and cooler O, to be kept up.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is,

1. Combining the two vessels A and B, which contain the gas makingingredients by means of a siphon C, substantially as herein described sothat when a reduction of pressure is produced in the generating vessel,by permitting the escape of gas or air therefrom, the acid or otherliquid from the other vessel will be caused to flow over into thegenerating vessel by the difference of pressure.

2. The arrangement in combination, with the two vessels A and B andtheir connecting siphon C, of the two three way cocks or theirequivalents E and Gin the outlets of such vessels, the connecting pipeh, between the said cocks or equivalents, and the piston H geared withsaid cocks or equivalents, whereby when the pressure in the generatingvessel, reaches a certain degree the gas is caused to flow back to theother vessel, and so prevent more acid or other liquid coming over fromthe latter vessel, and when a further increase of pressure takes placeproviding for the escape of gas to the atmosphere, substantially asherein described.

3. The pumping apparatus consisting of the cylinder M with its partition2', two connected pistons K, K, passages and double four way cock L,applied substantially as described in combination with the generatingapparatus and the receiver or cooler O, to deliver gas and watersimultaneously into the receiver and cooler at a uniform pressure.

January 31st 1860.

SAM OHAMBERLAINE.

Witnesses E. R. EVANS, J 0s. BULLOCK.

